PocketBase on GKE Autopilot

PocketBase is an open-source backend in a single file — an embedded SQLite database with a realtime REST API, built-in authentication, file storage, and an admin dashboard. This module deploys PocketBase on GKE Autopilot on top of the App_GKE foundation, which provisions and manages the shared Google Cloud and Kubernetes infrastructure.

This guide focuses on the cloud services PocketBase uses and how to explore and operate them from the Google Cloud Console and the command line. For the mechanics common to every GKE application — Workload Identity, ingress, autoscaling, CI/CD, Cloud Armor, IAP, Binary Authorization, VPC Service Controls, backups, and the deployment lifecycle — refer to the App_GKE foundation guide rather than repeating them here.

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1. Overview

PocketBase runs as a single self-contained Go binary. On GKE it is scheduled as a StatefulSet with a block Persistent Volume so its embedded SQLite database gets reliable POSIX file locking. The deployment wires together a deliberately minimal set of services:

Capability	Google Cloud service	Notes
Compute	GKE Autopilot	Single Go binary as a StatefulSet pod, 1 vCPU / 1 GiB by default, port 8090
Database	Embedded SQLite	No Cloud SQL — the database lives on a block PVC at /pb_data
Persistent storage	Persistent Disk (block PVC)	A per-pod ReadWriteOnce PVC (20 GiB default) mounted at /pb_data
Cache & queue	None	PocketBase uses no Redis; enable_redis = false
Secrets	Secret Manager	None auto-generated — auth lives inside SQLite; secrets optional for your own use
Ingress	Cloud Load Balancing	ClusterIP by default (internal); optional LoadBalancer / custom domain for external access

Sensible defaults worth knowing up front:

• The database is embedded SQLite — there is no Cloud SQL. PocketBase stores every record, auth token, and uploaded file under /pb_data, which is a block PVC on GKE.
• StatefulSet + block PVC by default. stateful_pvc_enabled = true — with no explicit workload_type this auto-resolves to StatefulSet. Block storage gives SQLite the reliable file locking it needs (SQLite over GCS FUSE is unreliable for locking, which is why GKE uses a PVC while Cloud Run uses FUSE).
• The PVC mounts at /pb_data (20 GiB default). The Common layer sets enable_gcs_storage_volume = false when the PVC is enabled, so there is no double-mount at the same path.
• Single replica. SQLite is single-writer and the PVC is ReadWriteOnce, so both min_instance_count and max_instance_count default to 1. Do not raise max_instance_count.
• service_type = ClusterIP by default (internal cluster access). Expose PocketBase externally with a LoadBalancer Service or a custom domain + managed certificate.
• The admin account is created interactively on first run at /_/. No admin password is injected. Create the superuser immediately after the app is reachable.
• No secret is auto-generated. PocketBase issues and stores all auth itself; Secret Manager is used only if you add your own secrets.
• No Redis, no NFS. All state is the single /pb_data PVC.

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2. Google Cloud Services & How to Explore Them

All commands assume you have run gcloud container clusters get-credentials <cluster> --region <region> --project <project> and that PROJECT, REGION, and NAMESPACE are set. The namespace and other identifiers are reported in the deployment Outputs.

A. GKE Autopilot — the PocketBase workload

PocketBase runs as a StatefulSet pod on Autopilot, which bills for the CPU/memory the pod requests. The StatefulSet gives the pod a stable identity and binds it to its /pb_data PVC across restarts.

• Console: Kubernetes Engine → Workloads → select the PocketBase StatefulSet to see the pod, revisions, and events. Kubernetes Engine → Services & Ingress shows how it is exposed.
• CLI:

  kubectl get statefulset,pods,svc -n "$NAMESPACE"
  kubectl logs -n "$NAMESPACE" statefulset/<service-name> --tail=100
  kubectl describe pod -n "$NAMESPACE" -l app=<service-name>

See App_GKE for how Autopilot, scaling, and the workload type (Deployment vs StatefulSet) are managed.

B. Database — embedded SQLite (no Cloud SQL)

There is no Cloud SQL instance. PocketBase's database is a set of SQLite files on the block PVC at /pb_data. To inspect or back up the database you work with the PVC contents, not a SQL endpoint.

• Console: Kubernetes Engine → Storage → Persistent Volume Claims → the PocketBase PVC.
• CLI:

  # List the PVC bound to the PocketBase pod:
  kubectl get pvc -n "$NAMESPACE"
  # Inspect / copy the SQLite database out of the running pod for backup:
  kubectl exec -n "$NAMESPACE" statefulset/<service-name> -- ls -la /pb_data
  kubectl cp "$NAMESPACE"/<pod-name>:/pb_data/data.db ./pb_data-backup.db

C. Cloud Storage / Persistent storage — the /pb_data volume

On GKE the /pb_data directory — the SQLite database, uploaded files, and settings — is a block PVC (ReadWriteOnce, 20 GiB default), not a GCS bucket. A Cloud Storage data bucket is still declared by the Common layer, but on GKE the PVC is authoritative and the FUSE mount is disabled to avoid a double-mount.

• Console: Kubernetes Engine → Storage; Compute Engine → Disks (the backing PD).
• CLI:

  kubectl get pvc,pv -n "$NAMESPACE"
  kubectl describe pvc -n "$NAMESPACE" <pvc-name>          # size, StorageClass, bound PV

See App_GKE for StatefulSet PVC templates, StorageClasses, and CMEK options.

D. Secret Manager

No secret is auto-generated for PocketBase — its auth is stored inside SQLite. Secret Manager is used only if you inject your own secrets (for example, SMTP credentials or external backup keys) via secret_environment_variables.

• Console: Security → Secret Manager.
• CLI:

  gcloud secrets list --project "$PROJECT" --filter="name~pocketbase"
  gcloud secrets versions access latest --secret=<secret-name> --project "$PROJECT"

See App_GKE for the Secret Store CSI integration.

E. Networking & ingress

By default the workload is exposed via a ClusterIP Service (internal only). To reach PocketBase from outside the cluster, set service_type = LoadBalancer or enable a custom domain with a Google-managed certificate; a static IP can be reserved so the address survives redeploys.

• Console: Network services → Load balancing; VPC network → IP addresses.
• CLI:

  kubectl get ingress,svc -n "$NAMESPACE"
  gcloud compute addresses list --project "$PROJECT"

See App_GKE for custom domains, Cloud CDN, and static IP details.

F. Cloud Logging & Monitoring

Pod stdout/stderr flow to Cloud Logging; GKE metrics flow to Cloud Monitoring. Optional uptime checks and alert policies are available.

• Console: Logging → Logs Explorer; Monitoring → Dashboards / Alerting.
• CLI:

  gcloud logging read 'resource.type="k8s_container" AND resource.labels.namespace_name="'"$NAMESPACE"'"' \
    --project "$PROJECT" --limit 50

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3. PocketBase Application Behaviour

• No first-deploy database job. PocketBase creates its own SQLite database, system collections, and schema on first start under /pb_data. There is no db-init job to run or monitor.
• Migrations apply automatically on start. PocketBase runs any pending schema migrations itself on every startup, so upgrading application_version applies schema changes with no separate migration step. Always back up the PVC before a version bump.
• The admin superuser is created on first run. Once PocketBase is reachable, open /_/ and create the administrator account. Until it exists, anyone who reaches /_/ can claim it — treat this as a time-sensitive first-run step.
• The /pb_data PVC is the only durable state. The SQLite database, uploaded files, and settings all live on the block PVC. It survives pod restarts and rescheduling; protect it and back it up on a schedule.
• Single-replica StatefulSet. SQLite serialises writes through one file and the PVC is ReadWriteOnce. min_instance_count and max_instance_count both default to 1; do not raise max_instance_count.
• Health path. Startup and liveness probes target /api/health, PocketBase's public, unauthenticated endpoint (returns HTTP 200 / {"code":200,"message":"API is healthy."}). First boot is fast because there is no external DB to wait on.
• Verify runtime state:

  kubectl exec -n "$NAMESPACE" statefulset/<service-name> -- \
    wget -qO- http://127.0.0.1:8090/api/health
  kubectl exec -n "$NAMESPACE" statefulset/<service-name> -- env | sort

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4. Configuration Variables

Variables are grouped exactly as they appear on the deployment platform. Only settings specific to or notable for PocketBase are listed; every other input is inherited from App_GKE with its standard behaviour and defaults.

Group 1 — Project & Identity

Variable	Default	Description
project_id	(required)	Target Google Cloud project.
region	us-central1	Region for the workload and regional resources.

Group 2 — Deployment Environment

Variable	Default	Description
tenant_deployment_id	demo	Short suffix that makes resource names unique per environment.
support_users	[]	Emails granted project access and monitoring alerts.
resource_labels	{}	Labels applied to all resources.

Group 3 — Application Identity

Variable	Default	Description
application_name	pocketbase	Base name for resources. Do not change after first deploy.
application_version	latest	Image tag; latest resolves to the pinned 0.22.21 build ARG. Pin an explicit release in production.

Group 4 — Runtime & Scaling

Variable	Default	Description
deploy_application	true	Set false to provision infrastructure only.
cpu_limit	1000m	CPU per pod; 1 vCPU is comfortable for the single Go binary.
memory_limit	1Gi	Memory per pod; PocketBase is lightweight.
min_instance_count	1	Keep at 1 — GKE requires min ≥ 1 and SQLite is single-writer.
max_instance_count	1	Do not raise. SQLite + ReadWriteOnce PVC are single-writer; >1 corrupts data.
container_port	8090	PocketBase listens on 8090 (HTTP API + admin UI).
enable_cloudsql_volume	false	No Cloud SQL Auth Proxy — PocketBase uses no external DB.
enable_image_mirroring	true	Mirror/build the PocketBase image into Artifact Registry.

Group 6 — GKE Backend & Cluster

Variable	Default	Description
service_type	ClusterIP	Internal by default; use LoadBalancer for external access.
workload_type	null → StatefulSet	Auto-resolves to StatefulSet because stateful_pvc_enabled = true.
session_affinity	None	Single replica, so stickiness is unnecessary.

Group 7 — StatefulSet

Variable	Default	Description
stateful_pvc_enabled	true	Strongly recommended — gives the SQLite DB durable block storage with reliable locking.
stateful_pvc_size	20Gi	Size the PVC for the SQLite DB plus uploaded files and overhead.
stateful_pvc_mount_path	/pb_data	Must be PocketBase's data directory — do not change.

Group 10 — Observability & Health

Variable	Default	Description
startup_probe	HTTP /api/health, 15s delay	Startup probe; fast because there is no external DB to wait on.
liveness_probe	HTTP /api/health, 30s delay	Liveness probe against the public health endpoint.
uptime_check_config	disabled, path /api/health	Optional Cloud Monitoring uptime check.

Group 13 — Filesystem (NFS)

Variable	Default	Description
enable_nfs	false	NFS is off — PocketBase persists everything to the /pb_data PVC.

Group 16 — Database Backend

Variable	Default	Description
db_name / db_user	(empty)	Inert — PocketBase uses an embedded SQLite database; no Cloud SQL role/database is created.

Group 19 — Custom Domain, Static IP & Networking

Variable	Default	Description
enable_custom_domain	true	Provision Ingress for custom hostnames + managed certificate (serves only when application_domains is set).
reserve_static_ip	true	Stable external IP across redeploys.

All other inputs follow standard App_GKE behaviour.

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5. Outputs

These values are returned on a successful deployment and are the quickest way to locate and explore the running resources.

Output	Description
service_name	Kubernetes Service name.
namespace	Namespace the workload runs in.
service_cluster_ip	In-cluster ClusterIP.
stage_service_cluster_ips	Map of ClusterIPs for stage-specific services.
service_external_ip	External LoadBalancer IP (when a static IP is reserved).
service_url	URL to reach PocketBase.
storage_buckets	Created Cloud Storage buckets.
network_name / network_exists / regions	VPC network, presence, available regions.
container_image / container_registry	Deployed image and Artifact Registry repo.
monitoring_enabled / monitoring_notification_channels	Monitoring status and channels.
initialization_jobs	Names of any custom setup jobs (none by default).
statefulset_name	Name of the PocketBase StatefulSet.
deployment_id / tenant_id / resource_prefix	Naming identifiers.
project_id / project_number	Project identifiers.
cicd_enabled / cicd_configuration	CI/CD status and details (repo, trigger, registry).
github_repository_url / github_repository_owner / github_repository_name	CI/CD GitHub details.
artifact_registry_repository / cloudbuild_trigger_name / cloudbuild_trigger_id	Registry and build trigger.
kubernetes_ready	Whether the cluster/workload is ready (false on the first apply of a new inline cluster).
vpc_sc_enabled / vpc_sc_perimeter_name / vpc_sc_dry_run_mode	VPC-SC status.
audit_logging_enabled / artifact_registry_cmek_enabled	Audit logging and CMEK status.

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6. Configuration Pitfalls & Sensible Defaults

Risk: Critical (data loss / outage / security) — High (service degraded) — Medium (cost or partial degradation) — Low (minor).

Inherited plan-time validation. This module passes its configuration through the App_GKE foundation engine, which validates values and combinations at plan time — a Deployment workload type alongside stateful_pvc_enabled = true, bare-integer ResourceQuota memory values, IAP with no authorized identities, out-of-range probe or retention values. Invalid configuration fails the plan with a clear, named error before any resource is created, so most mistakes below are caught up front rather than at apply or runtime.

Setting	Sensible value	Risk	Consequence if wrong
max_instance_count	1 (never raise)	Critical	SQLite is single-writer and the PVC is ReadWriteOnce; a second replica cannot mount the volume and concurrent writers corrupt the database.
stateful_pvc_enabled	true	Critical	Without a block PVC, SQLite falls back to GCS FUSE-style storage with unreliable locking → database corruption.
The /pb_data PVC	Never delete; back up	Critical	The PVC is the database and file store — deleting it destroys all data.
stateful_pvc_mount_path	/pb_data (fixed)	Critical	Mounting the PVC anywhere else leaves PocketBase writing its DB to ephemeral pod storage, lost on restart.
Admin account at /_/	Create immediately after access	Critical	Until the superuser exists, anyone reaching /_/ can claim it and own the instance.
application_version bump	Back up the PVC first	High	PocketBase auto-migrates the schema on start; an interrupted upgrade can leave the SQLite DB mid-migration.
workload_type	leave null (auto StatefulSet)	High	Forcing Deployment with stateful_pvc_enabled = true fails the plan-time validation.
service_type	ClusterIP (internal) or LoadBalancer (external)	High	Leaving ClusterIP when external access is needed leaves the app unreachable from outside the cluster.
enable_iap	Only for private deployments	High	IAP blocks all unauthenticated requests, including public API clients and the admin UI.
stateful_pvc_size	20Gi (raise for heavy file uploads)	Medium	Too small a PVC fills up as uploaded files accumulate, and PVCs cannot always be shrunk.
memory_limit	1Gi	Low	PocketBase is lightweight; over-provisioning only adds cost on Autopilot.

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For the foundation behaviour referenced throughout — IAM and Workload Identity, autoscaling, ingress and certificates, CI/CD, Cloud Armor, IAP, Binary Authorization, VPC-SC, backups, and image mirroring — see App_GKE. PocketBase-specific application configuration shared with the Cloud Run variant is described in PocketBase_Common.