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ClassicPress on Google Cloud Run

ClassicPress on Google Cloud Run

ClassicPress is a free, open-source, business-focused CMS — a lightweight fork of WordPress 4.9.x that preserves the classic (pre-Gutenberg) editing experience, with plugins, themes, a media library, and a REST API. This module deploys ClassicPress on Cloud Run v2 on top of the App_CloudRun foundation, which provisions and manages the shared Google Cloud infrastructure.

This guide focuses on the cloud services ClassicPress uses and how to explore and operate them from the Google Cloud Console and the command line. For the mechanics common to every Cloud Run application — service identity, ingress and load balancing, scaling and concurrency, CI/CD, Cloud Armor, IAP, Binary Authorization, VPC Service Controls, backups, and the deployment lifecycle — refer to the App_CloudRun foundation guide rather than repeating them here.


1. Overview

ClassicPress runs as a single PHP/Apache container built from a thin custom image FROM classicpress/classicpress. The deployment wires together a focused set of Google Cloud services:

CapabilityGoogle Cloud serviceNotes
ComputeCloud Run v2PHP/Apache service on port 80, 1 vCPU / 2 GiB by default; scale-to-zero (min_instance_count = 0) is the default
DatabaseCloud SQL for MySQL 8.0Fixed — ClassicPress_Common hardcodes database_type = "MYSQL_8_0"
File persistenceCloud Filestore (NFS), optionalMounted at /var/lib/classicpress by default (enable_nfs = true) — see the note in Section 3 on what this path actually covers
Object storageCloud StorageBoth a data bucket (from the variant's own storage_buckets default) and a classicpress-uploads bucket (from ClassicPress_Common) are provisioned automatically; neither is mounted into the container by default
SecretsSecret ManagerAuto-generated CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED (derives the 8 WordPress-style auth keys/salts); database password
IngressCloud Run URL / Cloud Load BalancingDefault run.app URL; optional external HTTPS load balancer + custom domain

Sensible defaults worth knowing up front:

  • MySQL 8.0 is mandatory and hardcoded. ClassicPress_Common's config sets database_type = "MYSQL_8_0" directly; the variant's own database_type variable is largely decorative — overriding it breaks the MySQL-specific db-init job and entrypoint. Leave it at the default.
  • Custom build, not prebuilt. container_image_source defaults to "custom" — Cloud Build produces a thin image FROM classicpress/classicpress that grafts an entrypoint shim aliasing the Foundation's injected DB_* vars onto ClassicPress's CLASSICPRESS_DB_* and deriving stable auth salts. The stock upstream image is never deployed directly.
  • Cloud SQL is reached over private-IP TCP by default, not a Unix socket. enable_cloudsql_volume defaults to false (the variant explicitly forces this value into the app config, overriding whatever ClassicPress_Common might otherwise set); the entrypoint builds CLASSICPRESS_DB_HOST from DB_IP:DB_PORT. MySQL on the Cloud SQL private range needs no SSL. Set enable_cloudsql_volume = true to use the Auth Proxy socket instead.
  • The ClassicPress install itself lives on the container's own ephemeral filesystem. Cloud Run has no per-instance persistent block volume equivalent to GKE's StatefulSet PVC. The upstream entrypoint writes wp-config.php and copies the whole application (including wp-content/uploads and any plugins installed through wp-admin) into /var/www/html on first boot of each container instance. With the default min_instance_count = 0, every cold start after idle spins up a fresh instance with an empty /var/www/html — uploaded media and admin-installed plugins/themes from a previous instance do not carry over, even though the Cloud SQL database (pages, posts, settings, and the media records) is durable. See the pitfalls table for mitigations.
  • NFS is enabled by default but mounted at a path the app never uses. enable_nfs = true provisions Filestore and mounts it at /var/lib/classicpress, but neither the Dockerfile nor the entrypoint reference that path — it does not cover the actual /var/www/html install directory.
  • CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED is generated automatically and stored in Secret Manager; the entrypoint derives all 8 WordPress-style AUTH_KEY/SALT values from it deterministically, so cookies and sessions survive restarts and agree across every cold-started instance without persisting wp-config.php state.
  • No auto-install — first login is manual. ClassicPress_Common generates no admin-password secret and sets no auto-install flag. ClassicPress creates its schema and admin account through its own first-run web installer once db-init has provisioned the empty database.
  • Two GCS buckets are created but unused by default. The variant's own storage_buckets default (data) and ClassicPress_Common's preset (classicpress-uploads) both get created (different name suffixes, so they don't collide) — neither is wired in as a gcs_volumes mount unless you add one.

2. Google Cloud Services & How to Explore Them

All commands assume PROJECT and REGION are set. Service and resource names are reported in the deployment Outputs.

A. Cloud Run — the ClassicPress service

ClassicPress runs as a Cloud Run v2 service that autoscales by request load between the minimum and maximum instance counts. Each deployment creates an immutable revision; traffic can be split across revisions for safe rollouts.

  • Console: Cloud Run → select the service for revisions, traffic, logs, and metrics.
  • CLI:
    gcloud run services list --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION"
    gcloud run services describe <service-name> --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION"
    gcloud run revisions list --service <service-name> --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION"

See App_CloudRun for scaling, concurrency, execution environment, and traffic splitting.

B. Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0

ClassicPress stores all application data (posts, pages, users, options, plugin/theme settings) in a managed Cloud SQL for MySQL 8.0 instance. By default the service connects over private-IP TCP (enable_cloudsql_volume = false); Cloud SQL MySQL accepts unencrypted TCP on the private range, so no SSL configuration is needed. On first deploy, an initialization Job (db-init) creates the application database and user and verifies the app user can connect.

  • Console: SQL → select the instance for connections, backups, flags, metrics.
  • CLI:
    gcloud sql instances list --project "$PROJECT"
    gcloud sql instances describe <instance-name> --project "$PROJECT"
    gcloud sql connect <instance-name> --user=<db-user> --database=<db-name> --project "$PROJECT"

The instance name, database, user, and password secret are in the Outputs. See App_CloudRun for the connection model, backups, and password rotation.

C. Cloud Storage

Two Cloud Storage buckets are provisioned by default: a data bucket (declared by this variant's own storage_buckets default) and a classicpress-uploads bucket (declared by ClassicPress_Common). Neither is mounted into the container as a gcs_volumes entry out of the box — add one explicitly (e.g. mounted at /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads) if you want media uploads to survive across Cloud Run cold starts.

  • Console: Cloud Storage → Buckets.
  • CLI:
    gcloud storage buckets list --project "$PROJECT"
    gcloud storage ls gs://<bucket-name>/ # bucket names are in the Outputs

See App_CloudRun for GCS Fuse and CMEK options.

D. Cloud Filestore (NFS)

enable_nfs = true is the default, mounting a shared Filestore instance at /var/lib/classicpress. As noted above, this path is not currently referenced by the Dockerfile or entrypoint shim, so it provides spare shared storage rather than covering any confirmed data path. enable_nfs = true is also what makes redis_host = "" fall back to the NFS server's co-hosted Redis IP (see Group 21).

  • Console: Filestore → Instances.
  • CLI:
    gcloud filestore instances list --project "$PROJECT"

See App_CloudRun for NFS discovery and mount mechanics.

E. Secret Manager

One ClassicPress-specific secret is generated automatically and stored in Secret Manager: CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED, a 64-character random seed from which the entrypoint derives all 8 WordPress-style AUTH_KEY/SECURE_AUTH_KEY/ LOGGED_IN_KEY/NONCE_KEY and their matching SALT values (SHA-256 of the seed plus a fixed per-key suffix). The database password is managed separately by the foundation.

  • Console: Security → Secret Manager.
  • CLI:
    gcloud secrets list --project "$PROJECT" --filter="name~classicpress"
    gcloud secrets versions access latest --secret=<secret-name> --project "$PROJECT"

See App_CloudRun for injection and rotation details.

F. Networking & ingress

The service is reachable at its run.app URL by default (ingress_settings = "all"). An external HTTPS load balancer with a custom domain, Cloud CDN, and Cloud Armor can be layered on; ingress settings and VPC egress control connectivity.

  • Console: Cloud Run (service URL); Network services → Load balancing.
  • CLI:
    gcloud run services describe <service-name> --region "$REGION" --format='value(status.url)'
    gcloud compute addresses list --project "$PROJECT"

See App_CloudRun.

G. Cloud Logging & Monitoring

Container logs flow to Cloud Logging; Cloud Run and Cloud SQL metrics flow to Cloud Monitoring, with optional uptime checks and alert policies.

  • Console: Logging → Logs Explorer; Monitoring → Dashboards / Alerting.
  • CLI:
    gcloud run services logs read <service-name> --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION" --limit 50

3. ClassicPress Application Behaviour

  • First-deploy database setup. An initialization Job (db-init, mysql:8.0-debian) waits for connectivity (Unix socket if enable_cloudsql_volume = true, otherwise TCP via DB_IP), idempotently creates the application database and user with CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS / GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES, verifies the app user can connect, and gracefully shuts down the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy sidecar if one was started. The job is safe to re-run (execute_on_apply = true, max_retries = 3).
  • No separate migration job — manual first-run install. There is no auto-install flag for ClassicPress. Once db-init has provisioned the empty database, ClassicPress creates its own schema and admin account through the first-run web installer (/wp-admin/install.php in the upstream image). Visit the service URL after first deploy and complete the installer to set the admin username, password, and email — there is no generated admin-password secret.
  • DB env-var aliasing over TCP. The Foundation injects DB_IP (the Cloud SQL private IP on Cloud Run), DB_HOST, DB_PORT, DB_NAME, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD; ClassicPress reads CLASSICPRESS_DB_*. The grafted entrypoint.sh builds CLASSICPRESS_DB_HOST as <DB_IP>:<DB_PORT> (or the localhost:<socket> form if a Cloud SQL socket directory is found under enable_cloudsql_volume = true) and aliases the rest, before handing off to the upstream docker-entrypoint.sh.
  • Auth keys/salts are derived, not stored individually. CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED is the only generated secret; the entrypoint computes all 8 CLASSICPRESS_AUTH_KEY / ..._SALT values as sha256(seed-<key-name>), so every restart and every cold-started instance agrees on the same values without persisting wp-config.php state — sessions and login cookies remain valid across instance churn even though the filesystem does not.
  • The install itself lives on the container's ephemeral filesystem, not on persistent storage. The upstream docker-entrypoint.sh writes wp-config.php and copies the ClassicPress application into /var/www/html on first boot of each container instance. On Cloud Run this directory is not backed by NFS, GCS Fuse, or a block volume by default, so uploaded media (wp-content/uploads) and any plugins/themes installed via wp-admin are lost whenever the instance recycles (redeploy, scale-to-zero-and-back, instance replacement). The Cloud SQL database (posts, pages, settings, and media metadata rows) is unaffected.
  • NFS mount path is not referenced by the image or entrypoint. enable_nfs = true mounts Filestore at /var/lib/classicpress by default, but neither ClassicPress_Common's Dockerfile nor its entrypoint.sh read or write that path — it does not currently provide the persistence that would fix the point above. Treat it as spare shared storage, not a confirmed data path.
  • php_memory_limit, upload_max_filesize, and post_max_size are accepted but not currently wired into a PHP setting. These variables are forwarded through to ClassicPress_Common, but its config.environment_variables does not set any corresponding PHP_*/UPLOAD_MAX_FILESIZE/POST_MAX_SIZE env var for the upstream image to read — changing them has no observed effect on the deployed container today.
  • Redis is optional and off by default. When enable_redis = true, leaving redis_host empty lets the Foundation fall back to the co-hosted NFS-server Redis IP (requires enable_nfs = true); setting redis_host explicitly points ClassicPress at an external Redis/Memorystore instance instead.
  • Health paths. The startup probe is TCP on port 80 (generous failure_threshold = 20, allowing time for the upstream image's own entrypoint to populate the empty /var/www/html on first boot of a fresh instance). The liveness probe is HTTP GET / with a 300-second initial delay — a 200 (installed site) or a 302 redirect to the installer (fresh install) both count as healthy.
  • Inspect job execution and running config:
    gcloud run jobs list --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION"
    gcloud run jobs executions list --job <job-name> --project "$PROJECT" --region "$REGION"
    gcloud run services describe <service-name> --region "$REGION" \
    --format='value(spec.template.spec.containers[0].env)'

4. Configuration Variables

Variables are grouped exactly as they appear on the deployment platform (by their {{UIMeta group=N}} tag, not by the .tf file's section comments, which are occasionally out of sync with the tags). Only settings specific to or notable for ClassicPress are listed; every other input is inherited from App_CloudRun with its standard behaviour.

Group 1 — Project & Identity

VariableDefaultDescription
project_id(required)Target Google Cloud project.
regionus-central1Region for the service and regional resources.

Group 2 — Deployment Environment

VariableDefaultDescription
tenant_deployment_iddemoShort suffix that makes resource names unique per environment.
support_users[]Emails granted project access and monitoring alerts.
resource_labels{}Labels applied to all resources.

Group 3 — Application Identity

VariableDefaultDescription
application_nameclassicpressBase name for resources. Do not change after first deploy.
display_nameClassicPressHuman-readable name shown in the Console.
descriptionClassicPress wiki on Cloud RunService description.
application_versionlatestMaps to the classicpress/classicpress image tag via the app-specific CLASSICPRESS_VERSION build arg (latest resolves to php8.3-apache; the generic APP_VERSION build arg the Foundation injects would otherwise silently overwrite a same-named arg).
php_memory_limit512MAccepted but not currently wired into any PHP setting — see Section 3.
upload_max_filesize / post_max_size64M / 64MSame caveat as above; validated at plan time (upload_max_filesize ≤ post_max_size) but not otherwise applied.

Group 4 — Runtime & Scaling

VariableDefaultDescription
deploy_applicationtrueSet false to provision infrastructure only.
container_image_sourcecustomBuilds the thin FROM classicpress/classicpress image with the grafted entrypoint shim — required, the stock image cannot alias DB_* on its own.
cpu_limit1000mCPU per instance; ClassicPress with MySQL needs at least 1 vCPU.
memory_limit2GiMemory per instance; minimum ~512Mi for PHP/Apache.
min_instance_count00 enables scale-to-zero — but see the ephemeral-filesystem caveat in Section 3 before relying on it in production.
max_instance_count1Keep at 1 — the container filesystem is per-instance and not shared.
container_port80ClassicPress runs on Apache, port 80.
execution_environmentgen2Gen2 required for NFS and GCS Fuse mounts.
timeout_seconds300Maximum request duration (0–3600 seconds).
enable_cloudsql_volumefalseDefault is private-IP TCP; set true for the Cloud SQL Auth Proxy Unix socket instead.
enable_image_mirroringtrueMirror the built image into Artifact Registry.
traffic_split[]Split traffic across revisions for staged rollouts.
max_revisions_to_retain7Declared for convention parity; not referenced by this module's deployment.

Group 5 — Access & Ingress Control

VariableDefaultDescription
ingress_settingsallPublic ingress for the CMS front end and admin UI.
vpc_egress_settingPRIVATE_RANGES_ONLYRoute only RFC 1918 traffic via VPC.
enable_iapfalseRequire Google sign-in for the whole service (including the public site).
iap_authorized_users / iap_authorized_groups[]Who may access through IAP.

Group 6 — Environment Variables & Secrets

VariableDefaultDescription
environment_variables{}Extra non-secret settings, merged with ClassicPress_Common's defaults (DB_PORT, CLASSICPRESS_TABLE_PREFIX=cp_, CLASSICPRESS_DB_CHARSET=utf8mb4).
secret_environment_variables{}Map of env var → Secret Manager secret name. CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED is injected automatically and does not need to be set here.
secret_propagation_delay30Seconds to wait after secret creation before proceeding.
secret_rotation_period2592000sSecret Manager rotation notification frequency.

Group 7 — Backup & Restore

VariableDefaultDescription
backup_schedule0 2 * * *Automated backup cron (UTC).
backup_retention_days7Retention; raise for production/compliance.
enable_backup_import / backup_source / backup_uri / backup_formatrestore optionsRestore a MySQL dump from GCS or Google Drive on deploy.

Group 8 — CI/CD & Binary Authorization

Standard App_CloudRun Cloud Build / Cloud Deploy integration — see App_CloudRun. Key inputs: enable_cicd_trigger, github_repository_url, github_token, enable_cloud_deploy, enable_binary_authorization.

Group 9 — Custom SQL Scripts

VariableDefaultDescription
enable_custom_sql_scripts / custom_sql_scripts_bucket / custom_sql_scripts_path / custom_sql_scripts_use_rootoffRun SQL from a GCS bucket after provisioning.

Group 10 — Load Balancer, CDN & Image Retention

VariableDefaultDescription
enable_cloud_armorfalseProvision Global HTTPS LB + Cloud Armor WAF.
admin_ip_ranges[]CIDR ranges exempted from WAF rules.
application_domains[]Custom domain names for the HTTPS LB.
enable_cdnfalseEnable Cloud CDN on the HTTPS LB backend.
max_images_to_retain / delete_untagged_images / image_retention_days7 / true / 30Artifact Registry cleanup policy for the built image.

Group 11 — Storage & Filesystem

VariableDefaultDescription
create_cloud_storagetrueCreate GCS buckets defined in storage_buckets.
storage_buckets[{ name_suffix = "data" }]Additional GCS bucket beyond ClassicPress_Common's own classicpress-uploads bucket (both are created; neither is mounted by default).
enable_nfstrueOn by default, mounted at /var/lib/classicpress — not currently used by the entrypoint (see Section 3).
nfs_mount_path/var/lib/classicpressMount path inside the container.
gcs_volumes[]GCS Fuse volume mounts (requires gen2); add an entry mounted at /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads for real media persistence.
manage_storage_kms_iam / enable_artifact_registry_cmekfalseCMEK options.

Group 12 — Database Backend

VariableDefaultDescription
database_typeMYSQL_8_0Hardcoded by ClassicPress_Common; changing the variable does not change the deployed database engine.
db_nameclassicpressMySQL database name. Immutable after first deploy.
db_userclassicpressApplication database user. Password auto-generated in Secret Manager.
database_password_length32Generated password length (16–64).
enable_auto_password_rotation / rotation_propagation_delay_secoffDB password rotation.
db_host_env_var_name / db_user_env_var_name / db_name_env_var_name / db_port_env_var_name / service_url_env_var_name""Declared for convention mirroring only — main.tf hardcodes empty aliases for this variant, so setting these has no effect; ClassicPress's own entrypoint handles the CLASSICPRESS_DB_* aliasing.

Group 13 — Jobs & Scheduled Tasks

VariableDefaultDescription
initialization_jobs[]Leave empty to use the built-in db-init job from ClassicPress_Common.
cron_jobs[]No platform-scheduled recurring tasks by default.

Group 14 — Observability & Health

VariableDefaultDescription
startup_probeTCP port 80, failure_threshold = 20Generous threshold for first-boot population of /var/www/html.
liveness_probeHTTP /, 300s initial delayA 200 or a 302-to-installer both count as healthy.
uptime_check_config{ enabled=false, path="/" }Cloud Monitoring uptime check; disabled by default.
alert_policies[]Metric alert policies.

Group 21 — Redis Cache

VariableDefaultDescription
enable_redisfalseEnables ClassicPress's WordPress-style object cache backend.
redis_host""Leave empty to fall back to the Foundation's own REDIS_HOST injection (the NFS-VM Redis IP when enable_nfs = true); set explicitly for an external Redis/Memorystore instance.
redis_port6379Redis port.
redis_auth""Optional Redis auth password (sensitive).

Group 22 — VPC Service Controls & Audit Logging

VariableDefaultDescription
enable_vpc_scfalseEnforce a VPC-SC perimeter (requires organization_id).
vpc_cidr_ranges / vpc_sc_dry_run(set)Access level CIDRs / dry-run mode.
enable_audit_loggingfalseDetailed Cloud Audit Logs.

5. Outputs

Returned on a successful deployment — the quickest way to locate and explore the running resources.

OutputDescription
service_nameCloud Run service name.
service_urlDefault run.app URL of the service.
service_locationRegion the service runs in.
stage_servicesStage-specific service URLs (Cloud Deploy).
load_balancer_ip / load_balancer_urlExternal HTTPS load balancer IP / URL (when enabled).
database_instance_nameCloud SQL instance name.
database_name / database_userApplication database name / user.
database_password_secretSecret Manager secret holding the DB password.
database_host / database_portDB endpoint / port.
storage_bucketsCreated Cloud Storage buckets (data and classicpress-uploads).
network_name / network_exists / regionsVPC network, presence, regions.
container_image / container_registryDeployed image and Artifact Registry repo.
monitoring_enabled / monitoring_notification_channels / uptime_check_namesMonitoring status, channels, uptime checks.
initialization_jobsNames of the setup jobs.
deployment_id / tenant_id / resource_prefixNaming identifiers.
project_id / project_numberProject identifiers.
cicd_enabled / github_repository_url / github_repository_owner / github_repository_name / cicd_configurationCI/CD status and details.
artifact_registry_repository / cloudbuild_trigger_name / cloudbuild_trigger_idRegistry and build trigger.
vpc_sc_enabled / vpc_sc_perimeter_name / vpc_sc_dry_run_modeVPC-SC status.
audit_logging_enabled / artifact_registry_cmek_enabledAudit logging and CMEK status.

6. Configuration Pitfalls & Sensible Defaults

Risk: Critical (data loss / outage / security) — High (service degraded) — Medium (cost or partial degradation) — Low (minor).

Inherited plan-time validation. This module passes its configuration through the App_CloudRun foundation engine, which validates values and combinations at plan time — a read replica without its primary, IAP with no authorized identities, a gen1 runtime with NFS/GCS mounts, an out-of-range redis_port/backup_retention_days. Invalid configuration fails the plan with a clear, named error before any resource is created. ClassicPress also runs its own precondition (validations.tf) for upload_max_filesize ≤ post_max_size.

SettingSensible valueRiskConsequence if wrong
Media/plugin persistence at /var/www/htmlAdd a gcs_volumes mount (e.g. at wp-content/uploads) or keep min_instance_count ≥ 1CriticalWith the default min_instance_count = 0 and no volume covering /var/www/html, every cold-started instance starts from an empty filesystem — uploaded media and wp-admin-installed plugins/themes from earlier instances are gone, even though the database is intact.
CLASSICPRESS_SALT_SEED (auto-generated)Never rotate after first bootCriticalRotating it invalidates all signed cookies and logged-in sessions across every instance.
database_typeLeave at default (MYSQL_8_0)CriticalClassicPress_Common's db-init job and entrypoint are MySQL-specific; the value is hardcoded regardless of the variable, but relying on the variable to select an engine is a dead end.
db_name / db_userSet onceCriticalImmutable after first deploy; renaming recreates the DB/user and orphans all data.
enable_backup_importfalse unless restoringCriticalEnabling without a valid backup_uri fails the import job.
max_instance_count1HighThe container filesystem is per-instance; scaling beyond 1 gives every replica a separate, diverging copy of the site rather than a shared one.
First-run admin setupComplete /wp-admin/install.php promptly after deployHighUntil the installer runs, the site has no schema and no admin account — there is no generated admin-password secret to recover with.
enable_nfstrue (but currently unused by the app)MediumProvisions and pays for a Filestore instance that the current entrypoint/Dockerfile never mount data onto — see Section 3. Disabling it does not remove any confirmed persistence, but confirm against a live deployment before relying on this.
php_memory_limit / upload_max_filesize / post_max_sizeAny valueLowCurrently not wired into a PHP setting — do not assume changing them affects upload limits or PHP memory in the deployed container.
memory_limit2GiMediumBelow ~512Mi the PHP/Apache container risks OOM under load or with heavier plugins.
min_instance_count1 for productionMediumScale-to-zero (0) adds cold-start latency and compounds the filesystem-persistence issue above.
enable_cloud_armorenable for productionMediumThe admin UI and public site are reachable without WAF protection by default.
backup_retention_days7 (raise for prod)MediumToo short for compliance retention.

For the foundation behaviour referenced throughout — service identity, scaling and concurrency, ingress and load balancing, CI/CD, Cloud Armor, IAP, Binary Authorization, VPC-SC, backups, and image mirroring — see App_CloudRun. ClassicPress-specific application configuration shared with the GKE variant lives in the ClassicPress_Common module (no standalone ClassicPress_Common.md guide exists yet in this docs set); see also ClassicPress_GKE for how the same application behaves on a StatefulSet with a per-pod block PVC.